Koj puas tau xav txog lub caij nyoog uas yog cov ntawv dub tau pom hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv uas tsis muaj daim ntawv theej ua kom pom tseeb yog tsim? Kev txiav txim siab hnub luam ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov ntawv sau zais cia ntawm nws cov lus zais ntawm nws era . Cov lus no yuav ua kom muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev luam tawm, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov kab mob lub cev {4}
Kuv {{{|}}} Copyright Nplooj Ntawv: Tus "OFFICE ID" ntawm lub sijhawm luam ntawv
Cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm rau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog feem ntau cim rau hauv ib nplooj ntawv qhia ncaj qha rau kev txheeb xyuas cov nplooj ntawv tshiab lossis ntawm nplooj ntawv kawg ntawm phau ntawv .
Cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv tsis pub dhau: "Thawj zaug luam tawm rau hnub ntawd, thaum" luam tawm cov ntawv luam tawm thawj zaug xyoo 2023 "Yuav muaj cov ntawv luam tawm thawj zaug ntxiv, thaum" luam tawm cov ntawv luam tawm thiab luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv txwv, xws li "luam tawm: {{{4 4}}" Raws li kev lag luam tib yam, luam tawm rau tib lub sijhawm ua tiav nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tib .
Rau cov ntawv txawv teb chaws, nplooj ntawv txwv tsis pub siv xws li "luam tawm): Revised}"} {1} {1} {1} {1} {1} {1} Kev hloov kho tshiab, txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus hloov kho thiab yuav nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab thiab luam ntawv.
Yog tias ib phau ntawv tsis muaj daim ntawv sau nqi (hom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau tseg lossis cov ntaub ntawv pirated), kev txiav txim siab tsis ncaj) yog raws li cov tshuab luam ntawv .
Ii {.}}} Cov kws txujci luam ntawv: "tus ntiv tes ua ntiv tes" thoob plaws thiab chaw
Los ntawm Tang dynasty woodblock luam tawm rau hnub no 3D luam tawm cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.
Woodblock luam ntawv thiab nqus tau yam printing (7 xyoo pua AD - 19th caug xyoo)
Woodblock printing yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws-teev luam ntawv siv cov ntawv ntoo, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov ntoo ua ke thaum lub ntsej muag ntoo thiab luam tawm thiab luam tawm ntxiv, Cov ntawv nyeem hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm tib tsab yog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv yuav nqa qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw "Yongle Encyclopedia {}}"
Movable hom kev luam ntawv tau tsim los ntawm Bi Sheng ntawm cov khoom siv sab qaum teb uas muaj cov khoom siv sib txawv, tab sis tej zaum yuav luam tawm ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, tab sis tej zaum yuav luam tawm ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, tab sis tej zaum yuav luam tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, tab sis tej zaum yuav luam tawm los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv Phau Vajlugkub los ntawm 15th-caug xyoo yog ib qho khoom siv hlau sib txawv, ua ib qho kev sib tw ntawm European cov phau ntawv los ntawm 15th rau 16 xyoo.
Kev txhaj koob tshuaj thiab Lithography (19th caug xyoo - lig 20th caug xyoo)
GUDER PRINTING Hloov Chaw Printing ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, thiab cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv sau ua ntej 20th xyoo pua feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem no, ua rau tuab cov number cas tab sis qis dua daws teeb pom thaum pom thaum pom thaum pom kev zoo thaum magniv {5} {5
Offset prarting (lathography) los ua cov ntawv qhia meej meej rau kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau ua ke, thiab yog cov khoom siv nplua nuj, thiab yog cov khoom siv ua kom zoo nkauj siv ua luam tawm (ib hom lithography), uas ua cov ntawv du ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov duab tsis zoo, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov thooj qhov tseeb ntawm sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum.
Digital Printing (21st xyoo pua los qhia)
Cov luam ntawv digital tsis xav tau daim hlau; Hloov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv digital yog cov ntawv sau txuas ntxiv mus rau cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm cov xim sib txuas lus muaj ntau cov xim sib txuas lus muaj ntau cov xim sib txuas lus thiab txhawb nqa cov luam ntawv luv (cov khoom lag luam luv luv Luam ntawv) {.} sib txawv ntawm cov phau ntawv sib txawv (xws li cov ntawv sau cia (xws li cov lus sau cia nrog cov kab lus "Digital Printing {}}"
Iii {. Cov cev nqaij daim tawv thiab txhawb nqa: "cov ntawv" ntuj "tshuav
Ntxiv rau kev luam tawm thev naus laus zis, "cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv" xws li cov ntawv, number case, thiab cov qauv siv hauv cov phau ntawv tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab lub sijhawm luam ntawv .
Cov ntaub ntawv khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: cov phau ntawv luam tawm ua ntej muaj cov ntawv xuas tes ua thiab tsis sib xws thiab cov kab hlau uas siv tau daj thiab ua rau muaj nkig; Offset daim ntawv (Offset ntawv), uas tau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej xyoo 1980s tuaj yeem siv tau tshwj xeeb rau ntau pua xyoo.
Ink muaj kev hloov pauv tau hloov zuj zuj dhau lub sijhawm: cov wildblock luam ntawv siv cov ntxhia pigments nrog cov kua nplaum, feem ntau nyob hauv cov xim dub thiab liab, uas tau dhau los ua kom fading; number cas los ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20 tau muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo, tsim cov duab oxidation tsaus nti ntawm cov ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm; Eco-phooj ywg Ink tau nce qib tom qab 1980s muaj cov xim ruaj khov thiab yog tsis muaj cov hlau hnyav me.
Cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lawv Era: cov phau ntawv los ntawm ua ntej xyoo 19th tau tshaj tawm, nrog cov nplooj ntawv xaim, nrog cov xov paj uas pom ntawm tus nqaj qaum; Saddle stitching tau nrov tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20} th caug xyoo, haum rau cov ntawv xov xwm dub; Tom qab cov 1990s, zoo meej Binding los ua cov tseem ceeb, nrog cov nplooj ntawv tsau nrog cov nplaum, ua rau tus nqaj du thiab tiaj tus kheej {}}
Iv {.} Cov cuab yeej tshaj lij: cov cuab yeej tshaj plaws thiab cov lus nug database
Rau cov phau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig lossis cov khoom siv uas tsis sib xws ib leeg ib leeg yuav tsis raug siv rau kev txheeb xyuas .
Magnify tsom iav thiab cov me me tuaj yeem siv tau los soj ntsuam cov DOT cov yam ntxwv muaj hexagonal dots, feem ntau pom hauv 1960 cov ntawv tshaj tawm; Laser-luam tawm dots yog ncig ncig, ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov khoom luam tawm ntau lawm ntawm cov cuab yeej luam ntawv {}}
Cov pa roj carbon -14 yos yog haum rau kev txiav txim siab txog cov duab ntawm ance 50 xyoo tau ua tau tiag tiag li 18th-xyoo pua {[}}
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov lej hauv phau ntawv International Standard (} nws yog yuav tom qab luam tawm lossis tsis kam lees.
Nyeem lub sij hawm los ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv
Kev txiav txim siab rau hnub luam ntawv ntawm phau ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb "kev sib tham ntawm lub sijhawm uas koj tau qhib cov ntsiab lus ntawm WOOD-cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb sau cov hneev taw ntawm tib neeg kev sib deev kev tshaj tawm {3} Koj yog ib tug nyeem ntawv nrog rau kev hwm thiab kev nkag siab rau keeb kwm {}}
